This report provides a comparative analysis of the industrial, regulatory and geopolitical vulnerabilities revealed by the 2021–2025 sequence of major blackout events. It examines systemic risks across critical infrastructures, the fragility of cross-border energy dependencies, and the structural weaknesses that continue to expose European and international networks to operational disruption.

Using JPA’s proprietary structural-risk framework, the document dissects the failures behind recent incidents, identifies converging risk drivers for 2025–2030, and delivers scenario-based insights for decision-makers operating in highly exposed sectors such as industry, utilities, logistics and emergency management.

This brief provides:

• Structural assessment of grid vulnerabilities (JPA model).

• Breakdown of cascading risks across energy, digital and industrial infrastructures.

• Analysis of geopolitical exposures affecting European and global supply routes.

• Regulatory friction points and misalignment across key jurisdictions.

• 2030 outlook scenarios (technical, regulatory and geopolitical).

• Strategic heatmap of cross-sector vulnerabilities (JPA proprietary matrix).

• Executive recommendations for operational, legal and governance teams.

Ideal for:

Industrial operators, infrastructure companies, regulatory agencies, energy-intensive industries, risk-management units, and executive teams requiring structural foresight to anticipate cascading disruptions and grid-related crises.

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© 2025 JPA — Jose Parejo & Associates. All rights reserved.
This document is part of JPA’s Structural Risk Intelligence System.
It does not constitute legal or financial advice.